E. Pauline Johnson

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 <DOCTITLE>E. Pauline Johnson</DOCTITLE>
 <DOCAUTHOR>The People and the Text</DOCAUTHOR>
 <DOCAUTHOR>Alix Shield</DOCAUTHOR>
 </TITLESTMT>
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 <AUTHORITY>The People and the Text</AUTHORITY>
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 <LANG IDENT="eng">English</LANG>
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 <TERM>Born digital</TERM>
 <TERM>Life writing</TERM>
 <TERM>Biography</TERM>
 <TERM>Bibliography</TERM>
 </KEYWORDS>
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 <WORKFLOW RESP="MRB" WORKCATEGORY="created" WORKSTATUS="C">
 <DATE>May 10, 2016</DATE>
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 <ENTRY>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="1"><NAME STANDARD="">E. Pauline Johnson</NAME>(1861-1913)</HEADING>
 <RESEARCHNOTE>Photo c1902, from the Major James Skitt Matthew fonds, City of Vancouver Archives, Vancouver, BC (AM54-S4-: Port P1633).</RESEARCHNOTE>
 <AUTHORSUMMARY>
 Emily Pauline Johnson, known also by her Mohawk name "Tekahionwake," is a twentieth-century Anglo-Mohawk poet, performer, and writer from Six Nations (near Brantford, ON). She spent her life travelling throughout Canada, the United States, and England, where she recited her poetry, famously embodying her "dual identity" by donning a traditional buckskin costume for one part of her performance and changing into a European dress for the other.
 </AUTHORSUMMARY>
 <BIRTH>
 <CHRONSTRUCT><DATE VALUE="1861-03-10">10 March 1861, </DATE><CHRONPROSE><PLACE>Chiefswood, Six Nations, Brantford, ON</PLACE> </CHRONPROSE> </CHRONSTRUCT>
 </BIRTH>
 <DEATH>
 <CHRONSTRUCT><DATE VALUE="1913-03-07">7 March 1913, </DATE><CHRONPROSE><PLACE>Vancouver, BC</PLACE> </CHRONPROSE> </CHRONSTRUCT>
 </DEATH>
 <PERSONNAME>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="4">Name at birth: </HEADING>
 <DATASTRUCT>
 <DATAITEM> <BIRTHNAME> <GIVEN>Emily Pauline</GIVEN> <SURNAME>Johnson</SURNAME> </BIRTHNAME> </DATAITEM>
 </DATASTRUCT>
 </PERSONNAME>
 <PERSONNAME>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="4">Variant names: </HEADING>
 <DATASTRUCT>
 <DATAITEM><NAME STANDARD="E. PAULINE JOHNSON">Pauline Johnson</NAME></DATAITEM>
 <DATAITEM><NAME STANDARD="E. PAULINE JOHNSON">Tekahionwake</NAME></DATAITEM>
 <DATAITEM><NAME STANDARD="E. PAULINE JOHNSON">"Margaret Rox"</NAME></DATAITEM>
 <DATAITEM><NAME STANDARD="E. PAULINE JOHNSON">"Rollstone"</NAME></DATAITEM>
 </DATASTRUCT>
 </PERSONNAME>
 <CULTURALFORMATION>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="4">Nation: </HEADING>
 <RACEANDETHNICITY>
 Haudenosaunee
 </RACEANDETHNICITY>
 </CULTURALFORMATION>
 <CULTURALFORMATION>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="5">Variants: </HEADING>
 <RACEANDETHNICITY>
 Iroquois
 </RACEANDETHNICITY>
 <RACEANDETHNICITY>
 Mohawk
 </RACEANDETHNICITY>
 </CULTURALFORMATION>
 <CULTURALFORMATION>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="4">Nation: </HEADING>
 <RACEANDETHNICITY>
 English
 </RACEANDETHNICITY>
 </CULTURALFORMATION>
 <CULTURALFORMATION>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="5">Clan: </HEADING>
 <RACEANDETHNICITY>
 Wolf
 </RACEANDETHNICITY>
 </CULTURALFORMATION>
 <FRONT>
 
 Entry written by Alix Shield (13 May 2016)
 </FRONT>
 <AUTHORSUMMARY>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2"><NAME STANDARD="">E. Pauline Johnson</NAME>(1861-1913)</HEADING>
 Emily Pauline Johson was born 10 March 1861 on the Six Nations Reserve (near Brantford, ON) at the Chiefswood family home. Her father, Mohawk Chief George Henry Martin Johnson (Onwanonsyshon), built this impressive home for his bride, Emily Susanna Howells: the house boasted a unique dual-entrance design, with one door facing the road, and the other facing the Grand River (for access by canoe). On her father’s side, Johnson’s grandfather, Chief Sakayengwaraton (or John “Smoke” Johnson) was a gifted orator and accomplished warrior. As the youngest of four children, Johnson enjoyed a middle-class upbringing and was educated mostly from home; she attended the reserve school for two years, and then Brantford Collegiate Institute from the ages of 14 to 16. In 1877, Johnson returned to her family home and spent her time in leisure, visiting with friends, canoeing on the Grand River, and enjoying her freedom before thoughts of marriage. 
 When her father died in 1884, the family could no longer afford to live at Chiefswood, and thus relocated to a smaller home in Brantford. Johnson, now 23 years old and unmarried, decided to try her hand at writing and began publishing her poetry in periodicals including <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Gems of Poetry</TITLE> (New York) and <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">The Week</TITLE> (Toronto). By 1886, her reputation was growing, and she began signing her work with both her English name and adopted Mohawk name, Tekahionwake, taken from her great-grandfather, Jacob Johnson. In 1892, Johnson delivered a captivating recitation of <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">A Cry from an Indian Wife,</TITLE> which began her career as a performer. For the next 17 years, she travelled throughout Canada, the United States, and England. Often during these performances, Johnson would appear onstage wearing her Native costume for the first half of the program, and then change into an elegant gown for the second half, thereby encapsulating the dual identity of E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake. 
 In 1894, Johnson published her first book of poems, titled <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC" REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:728d8d20-c567-4e1e-9b99-96f79d413a3a">The White Wampum</TITLE>, which was met with great success. Johnson moved to Winnipeg after the death of her mother in 1898, and was briefly engaged to Charles Robert Lumley Drayton. It has been speculated that Johnson also had a brief relationship with her manager, Charles Wuerz, in 1900. In 1903, Johnson published her second poetry collection, <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC" REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:83028753-eb94-414a-81f5-5e2835328a80">Canadian Born</TITLE>. She retired from the stage in 1909 and moved to Vancouver, BC, where she began focusing more on producing prose for periodicals including <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Mother’s Magazine</TITLE>, <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Boy’s World</TITLE>, and <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">The Vancouver Daily Province</TITLE>. Many of the stories published in these periodicals were based on her friendship with Squamish chief Joe Capilano (Su–á-pu-luck), whom she met in London in 1906. When she became ill with breast cancer, friends and supporters endeavored to publish a collection of Johnson’s prose stories to raise funds for her medical treatment. This collection, <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC" REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:86fad903-bd4b-41a5-ab20-8e159923a047">Legends of Vancouver</TITLE>, was published in 1911. A collection of her poetry, <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC" REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:4a855c63-4a6a-4030-92da-f95b23a9394f">Flint and Feather</TITLE>, was published in 1912 under similar circumstances; both collections remain in print today. There were also two posthumous prose collections published the following year—<TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Moccasin Maker</TITLE>, which includes many stories from <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Mother’s Magazine</TITLE>, and <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC" REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:a2289ecc-3912-4e56-be30-fd668f668c48">The Shagganappi</TITLE>, a collection of stories from <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Boys’ World</TITLE>. Johnson succumbed to her illness and passed away on 7 March 1913, and her ashes were buried within Stanley Park, near her beloved Siwash Rock. A monument was raised at this location in 1922 by the Women’s Canadian Club. 
 </AUTHORSUMMARY>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Published biographies</HEADING>
 <LISTBIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:a71c4595-7a53-49d9-90ac-0091867886b6">Foster, Annie Garland. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Mohawk Princess, Being Some Account of the Life of Tekahion-Wake (E. Pauline Johnson)</TITLE>. Vancouver, BC: Lion's Gate, 1931.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:05f37632-3ef9-4ddd-8e2e-2479f3100992">Grey, Charlotte. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Flint &amp; Feather: The Life and Times of E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake</TITLE>. Toronto: Harper–Flamingo, 2002.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:8792306e-2c30-469b-9c08-d7ea037324d5">Johnston, Sheila M. F. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Buckskin &amp; Broadcloth: A Celebration of E. Pauline Johnson – Tekahionwake 1861-1913</TITLE>. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books, 1997.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:30f128d0-e278-40ec-8bb1-e39d97aa8352">Keller, Betty. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Pauline: A Biography of Pauline Johnson</TITLE>. Vancouver, BC: Douglas &amp; McIntyre, 1981.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:9047b405-c302-4c9b-8619-a8b81a557adf">McRaye, Walter. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Pauline Johnson and Her Friends</TITLE>. Toronto: Ryerson, 1946.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/ islandora:192bac92-7bdb-4b51-a468-5a7afd6bfe7b ">McRaye, Walter. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">East and West with Pauline Johnson.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Town Hall Tonight</TITLE>. Toronto: Ryerson, 1929.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:648f69b7-45e3-4aab-a5df-bd4a3189eefd">Strong-Boag, Veronica, and Carole Gerson. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Paddling Her Own Canoe: The Times and Texts of E. Pauline Johnson</TITLE> (Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2000).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:e0c81328-8c03-4947-b9ef-1b6f30a76367">Van Steen, Marcus. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Pauline Johnson, Her Life and Work</TITLE>. Toronto: Hodder and Stoughton, 1965.</BIBCIT>
 </LISTBIBCIT>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Texts</HEADING>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Interviews</HEADING>
 <LISTBIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Interview with Sara Jeannette Duncan. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Woman's World.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Toronto Globe</TITLE> (14 October 1886): 6. <SCHOLARNOTE>{Abstract or description of the item}</SCHOLARNOTE></BIBCIT>
 </LISTBIBCIT>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Performance</HEADING>
 <OTHERLIFEEVENT>
 <DATE VALUE="1892-01-16">16 January 1892</DATE>: <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">A Cry from an Indian Wife</TITLE> at "An Evening with Canadian Authors," Toronto, ON. This performance was followed by an encore.
 19 February 1892: <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">A Cry from an Indian Wife,</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">The Avenger,</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">The Song My Paddle Sings,</TITLE> and <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">The Pilot of the Plains</TITLE> at "A Canadian Literature Evening," Toronto, ON.
 </OTHERLIFEEVENT>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Poetry</HEADING>
 <LISTBIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:728d8d20-c567-4e1e-9b99-96f79d413a3a"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The White Wampum </TITLE>(London: John Lane, 1895)<SCHOLARNOTE>{Abstract or description of the item}</SCHOLARNOTE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:83028753-eb94-414a-81f5-5e2835328a80"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Born</TITLE> (Toronto: Morang, 1903)<SCHOLARNOTE>{Abstract or description of the item}</SCHOLARNOTE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:e99eb0ce-f16d-4d22-a547-cfd695c08ff1"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">“When George was King” and Other Poems</TITLE> (Brockville, ON: Brockville Times, 1908)<SCHOLARNOTE>{Abstract or description of the item}</SCHOLARNOTE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:4a855c63-4a6a-4030-92da-f95b23a9394f"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Flint and Feather</TITLE> (Toronto: Musson, 1912)<SCHOLARNOTE>{Abstract or description of the item}</SCHOLARNOTE></BIBCIT>
 </LISTBIBCIT>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Short Story</HEADING>
 <LISTBIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:86fad903-bd4b-41a5-ab20-8e159923a047"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Legends of Vancouver</TITLE> (Vancouver, BC: Saturday Sunset, 1911)<SCHOLARNOTE>{Abstract or description of the item}</SCHOLARNOTE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:0e9f9ffc-843e-40db-8720-c1b223830d6b"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Moccasin Maker</TITLE> (Toronto: Briggs, 1913)<SCHOLARNOTE>{Abstract or description of the item}</SCHOLARNOTE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:a2289ecc-3912-4e56-be30-fd668f668c48"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Shagganappi</TITLE> (Toronto: Briggs, 1913)<SCHOLARNOTE>{Abstract or description of the item}</SCHOLARNOTE></BIBCIT>
 </LISTBIBCIT>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Other publications</HEADING>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Anthologized in: </HEADING>
 <LISTBIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:dd988a06-b4a5-4ecc-9075-e12efbbdaa27">Broadus, E. K., and E. H. Broadus, eds. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">A Book of Canadian Prose and Verse</TITLE> (Toronto: Macmillan, 1923).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:c9f88d31-de30-4f2e-b2b8-ee230950ce13">Campbell, Wilfred, ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Oxford Book of Canadian Verse</TITLE> (Toronto: Oxford UP, 1913).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:616f0f5d-a118-4db2-9176-64ec7c47a2cf">Carman, Bliss, and Lorne Pierce, eds. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Our Canadian Literature: Representative Verse, English and French. 3rd ed. </TITLE>(Toronto: Ryerson, 1934).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:67c08b64-7336-4845-b502-2ad7a09727e4">Caswell, Edward S., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Singers and Their Songs: An Album of Portraits and Autograph Poems. 1st ed.</TITLE> (Toronto: McClelland &amp; Stewart, 1902).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:9c56dca4-3401-46b9-b352-e29aff0ceec6">Caswell, Edward S., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Singers and Their Songs: A Collection of Portraits, Autograph Poems and Brief Biographies. 2nd ed.</TITLE> (Toronto: McClelland &amp; Stewart, 1919).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:c1520440-f5e4-4a39-a657-933acd959a86">Caswell, Edward S., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Singers and Their Songs: A Collection of Portraits, Autograph Poems and Brief Biographies. 3rd ed.</TITLE> (Toronto: McClelland &amp; Stewart, 1925).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:0a015aeb-dd8d-4147-ab0a-c4d057f6ee56">Dickie, Donalda James. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Canadian Poetry Book: A Book of Modern Verse</TITLE> (Temple poetry books. Toronto: Dent, 1922).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:3ad299a8-8bfe-4dcc-a759-ecfe938ec6d1">Fairley, Margaret, ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Spirit of Canadian Democracy: A Collection of Canadian Writings from the Beginnings to the Present Day</TITLE>. Illust. John A. Hall (Toronto: Progress, [1945]).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:7fff9e56-c557-4ddd-8d1b-94d513cd9c4d">Garvin, John W., ed. <XREF URL="http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/garvin/poets/canadian-poets.html" RESP="ADZ"><TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Poets</TITLE></XREF> (Toronto: McClelland &amp; Stewart, 1916).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commonc.cwrc.ca/islandora:422e2c46-f9e4-433b-9c1a-b31a3be33fe3">Garvin, John W., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Poets</TITLE>. 2nd ed. (Toronto: McClelland &amp; Stewart, 1926).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:92bcd84a-6532-4fa5-990f-7c71b0a82482">Garvin, John. W., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Anthology for Boys and Girls</TITLE> (Toronto: Nelson, 1930).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:ef7f48f7-dfc7-4d15-b8ce-39bc266a96c5">Harrison, Susan Frances. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Canadian Birthday Book with Poetical Selections for Everyday in the Year from Canadian Writers, English and French</TITLE> (Toronto: Robinson, 1887).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:6d1338c8-1c2b-4d0d-b93a-ddf13b41affc">Lighthall, William Douw, ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Poems and Lays</TITLE> (London: Scott, [c1892]).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:e8039f91-21de-474c-97d8-d5d64b9b18fc">Lighthall, William Douw, ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Songs of the Great Dominion: Voices from the Forests and Waters, the Settlements and Cities of Canada</TITLE> (London: Scott, 1889).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:0ba91221-cbab-4ce9-b835-51a020e07b37">Morrison, James Dalton, ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Masterpieces of Religious Verse</TITLE> (New York: Harper, 1948).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:def41019-f3d7-455e-8d98-f56d3558c026">Rand, Theodore H., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">A Treasury of Canadian Verse: With Brief Biographical Notes</TITLE> (New York: Dutton, 1900).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:4a867a40-1920-42dd-bbf9-4bdf7cde4094">Robins, John D., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">A Pocketful of Canada</TITLE>. Illust. Laurence Hyde (Toronto: Collins, 1946).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:aa6d2726-b0ed-45bc-abe4-6643128bbbaf">Ross, George W. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Patriotic Recitations and Arbor Day Exercises</TITLE> (Toronto: Warwick &amp; Rutter, 1893).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:a7e0d571-4456-4f82-8d06-4a05f3a24f8a">Smith, A.J.M., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Book of Canadian Poetry</TITLE> (Toronto: Gage, 1943).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:512bf57d-83b2-44ec-845c-d9bf2baf353a">Stedman, Edmund Clarence, ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">A Victorian Anthology, 1837–1895</TITLE> (Cambridge, England: Riverside, 1895).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:565a9900-729c-4810-ad38-e378a446b750">Stephen, A.M., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Golden Treasury of Canadian Verse</TITLE>. Illust. E. Wallcousins. 1928 (Toronto: Dent, 1931). </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:482f52bd-5751-4e09-b036-f228d237c1cb">Stephen, A.M., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Canadian Voices and Others: Poems Selected for the Classroom</TITLE> (Toronto: Dent, 1934).</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:7091ce61-ad03-4523-8789-2cd29c8638ae">Wetherall, J.E., ed. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Later Canadian Poems</TITLE> (Toronto: Copp Clark, 1893).</BIBCIT>
 </LISTBIBCIT>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Periodical contributions</HEADING>
 <LISTBIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Acta Victoriana </TITLE>(Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">American Canoe Club Year Book</TITLE> (Fort Henry, NY)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Belford's Magazine</TITLE> (Chicago, IL)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Black and White</TITLE> (London)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Boys’ World</TITLE> (Elgin, IL)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Brant Churchman</TITLE> (Brantford, ON)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Brantford Expositor</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Brantford Courier</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Calgary Daily News</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Calgary Herald</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Canada</TITLE> (Benton, NB)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Canadian Bookman</TITLE> (Montreal, QC)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Canadian Magazine</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Daily Mail and Empire</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Vancouver Daily Province Magazine</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Dominion Illustrated</TITLE> (Montreal, QC)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Gems of Poetry</TITLE> (New York)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Toronto Globe</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Halifax Herald</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Harper's Weekly</TITLE> (New York)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Illustrated Buffalo Express</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Independent</TITLE> (Vancouver, BC)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Judge</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Ladies' Journal</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Lake Magazine</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Littell’s Living Age</TITLE> (Boston, MA)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">London Daily Express</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Ludgate Monthly</TITLE> (London)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Massey's Illustrated</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Montreal Standard</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Mother's Magazine</TITLE> (Elgin, IL)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">New York Life</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Our Animal Friends</TITLE> (New York)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Outing</TITLE> (Boston, MA)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Over-Seas</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Public Opinion</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Rod and Gun</TITLE> (Montreal, QC)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">The Rudder</TITLE> (Watertown, NY)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Saturday Night</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Smart Set</TITLE> (New York)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Sunday Globe</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Toronto Evening News</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Toronto Evening Star</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Toronto Musical Journal</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Town Topics</TITLE> (New York)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Transactions of the Buffalo Historic Society</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Vancouver Daily Province</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Vancouver Sun</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">The Varsity</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">The Week</TITLE> (Toronto)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Weekly Detroit Free Press</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Winnipeg Free Press</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Winnipeg Free Press Home Journal</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">The Year Book</TITLE></BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Young Canadian</TITLE> (Montreal, QC)</BIBCIT>
 </LISTBIBCIT>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Awards</HEADING>
 <RECEPTION>
 <RRECOGNITIONSANDAWARDS><RRECOGNITIONNAME>Designated a Person of National Historical Significance</RRECOGNITIONNAME> (<ORGNAME>Government of Canada</ORGNAME></RRECOGNITIONSANDAWARDS>, <DATE VALUE="1945">1945</DATE>)
 </RECEPTION>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Family and Relationships</HEADING>
 <FAMILY>
 <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="FATHER">
 <CHRONSTRUCT>
 <CHRONPROSE>Father: <NAME>George Henry Martin Johnson (Onwanonsyshon)</NAME></CHRONPROSE>
 <DATERANGE FROM="1816-10-07" TO="1884-02-19">7 October 1816 – 19 February 1884</DATERANGE>
 </CHRONSTRUCT>
 George Henry Martin Johnson, known also by his Mohawk name Onwanonsyshon, was a Six Nations hereditary clan chief and interpreter and powerful figure in the Mohawk community during the mid-nineteenth century. Born in 1816 near Brantford, ON, Johnson spent his early years being educated at the Mohawk Institute where he showed a proficiency for learning languages. During the late 1830’s, Johnson was selected as the interpreter between the Mohawk community and Church of England missionary Reverend Adam Elliot. It was through this position that Johnson was introduced to Reverend Elliot’s sister-in-law, Emily Susanna Howells. When Johnson and Howells eventually decided to marry, Reverend Elliot refused to perform the ceremony (due to conflicting familial views), and the couple were forced to choose an alternate Anglican priest. The wedding took place in Barriefield, ON on 27 August 1853, and Johnson’s family home, Chiefswood, was built soon afterwards. In the early 1860s, Johnson was elected as one of the 50 great chiefs of the Iroquois Confederacy – a decision met by the community with uncertainty, since Johnson was already employed by the government and many feared a conflict of interest. Several years after his election, Johnson became involved in efforts to suppress illegal liquor trafficking and timber trading by “white ruffians”; his efforts here exposed him to violence, and more than once Johnson was seriously injured. Johnson spent the end of his life involved in matters of agriculture and horticulture at the reserve, and died on 19 February 1884 at Chiefswood.<BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:3df0dfdf-f167-4b76-8312-47c0eefe9efd"> <XREF RESP="KME" URL="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/johnson_john_11E.html"/></BIBCIT></BIBCITS>
 </FAMILYMEMBER>
 <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="MOTHER">
 <CHRONSTRUCT>
 <CHRONPROSE>Mother: <NAME>Emily Susanna Howells Johnson</NAME></CHRONPROSE>
 <DATERANGE FROM="1824" TO="1898-02-23" CERTAINTY="C" EXACT="TO">c1824 – 23 February 1898</DATERANGE>
 </CHRONSTRUCT>
 Emily Susanna Howells was born in 1824 in Bristol, England, and was raised in an English Quaker family. In 1834, she emigrated with her family to the United States. In 1845, Howells moved to an Anglican mission near Brantford, ON, to live with her sister and her husband, Reverend Adam Elliot, who was a Church of England missionary. It was here that Johnson was introduced to her future husband, George Henry Martin Johnson, who was working for Reverend Elliot as a church translator. When Johnson and Howells decided to marry, Reverend Elliot refused to perform the ceremony, and the couple were forced to choose an alternate Anglican priest. The wedding took place in Barriefield, ON on 27 August 1853, despite objections from both families regarding the union of such disparate races. The family home of Chiefswood was soon built, and it was here that the four Johnson children would spend their childhood, benefiting from Howells’ love of literature and music. After the death of her husband in 1884, Howells and her daughters relocated to a smaller home in Brantford. Howells was able to observe some of her daughter’s successes before passing away in 1898.
 <BIBCITS><BIBCIT REF=""><XREF URL="http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/aboriginal-heritage/first-nations/Pages/pauline-johnson.aspx" RESP="KME"/></BIBCIT><BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:3df0dfdf-f167-4b76-8312-47c0eefe9efd"> <XREF RESP="KME" URL="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/johnson_john_11E.html"/></BIBCIT></BIBCITS>
 </FAMILYMEMBER>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="4">Siblings</HEADING>
 <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
 <CHRONSTRUCT> <CHRONPROSE><NAME>Henry Beverly Johnson </NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1854-07-18" TO="1894-09-13">(18 July 1854 – 13 September 1894)</DATERANGE> </CHRONSTRUCT>
 </FAMILYMEMBER>
 <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="SISTER">
 <CHRONSTRUCT> <CHRONPROSE><NAME>Eliza Helen Charlotte (“Eva”) Johnson </NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1856-09-22" TO="1937-06-10">(22 September 1856 – 10 June 1937)</DATERANGE> </CHRONSTRUCT>
 </FAMILYMEMBER>
 <FAMILYMEMBER RELATION="BROTHER">
 <CHRONSTRUCT> <CHRONPROSE><NAME>Allen Wawanosh Johnson </NAME></CHRONPROSE> <DATERANGE FROM="1858-07-28" TO="1923-07-19">(28 July 1858 – 19 July 1923): m. Floretta Katherine Maracle</DATERANGE> </CHRONSTRUCT>
 </FAMILYMEMBER>
 </FAMILY>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Religion</HEADING>
 <CULTURALFORMATION>
 <RELIGION>
 <DENOMINATION>Anglican</DENOMINATION>
 </RELIGION>
 </CULTURALFORMATION>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Residences</HEADING>
 <RESIDENCEANDMOBILITY RELATIONTO="LIVED">
 <PLACE>"Chiefswood," Six Nations Reserve, Ohsweken, ON</PLACE> <DATERANGE>(1861-1884)</DATERANGE>
 <PLACE>Brantford, ON</PLACE> <DATERANGE>(1884-1891)</DATERANGE>
 <PLACE>Vancouver, BC</PLACE> <DATERANGE>(1908-1913)</DATERANGE>
 </RESIDENCEANDMOBILITY>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Education</HEADING>
 <EDUCATION MODE="INSTITUTIONAL">
 Brantford Collegiate Institute (ages 14-16)
 </EDUCATION>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Employment and Volunteer Activities</HEADING>
 <OCCUPATION>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="3">Employment</HEADING>
 Poet 
 Performer 
 Writer 
 </OCCUPATION>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Archival Holdings</HEADING>
 <LISTBIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:fac13ee0-9228-4db0-91ba-82e4b152c0f7">Chiefswood Collection, Woodland Cultural Centre, Brantford, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:3c44ca54-bb53-4e4d-b100-24b75655b3ec"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=105391&amp;rec_nbr_list=105391,3221101,3202874,101514,169,585,133966,3203970,106522,115884">Clifford Sifton fonds</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:ff271186-e6f0-4955-802c-17188a258eeb"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://db.library.queensu.ca/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=GET_RECORD&amp;XC=/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll&amp;BU=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.library.queensu.ca%2Ffondsdb%2Fquery-fonds.html&amp;TN=fonds&amp;SN=AUTO12621&amp;SE=1551&amp;RN=6&amp;MR=20&amp;TR=0&amp;TX=1000&amp;ES=1&amp;CS=1&amp;XP=&amp;RF=Fonds+Results&amp;EF=&amp;DF=HTML+-+Fonds+Display&amp;RL=0&amp;EL=0&amp;DL=0&amp;NP=3&amp;ID=&amp;MF=mymsg.ini&amp;MQ=HTML+Search&amp;TI=0&amp;DT=&amp;ST=0&amp;IR=7447&amp;NR=0&amp;NB=0&amp;SV=0&amp;SS=0&amp;BG=ffffff&amp;FG=000080&amp;QS=query-fonds&amp;OEX=ISO-8859-1&amp;OEH=ISO-8859-1">Collection of Literary Clippings</XREF>, Queen’s University Archives, Kingston, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:ea8bda91-0666-4a3d-8040-ee6702ce162a"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://searcharchives.vancouver.ca/e-pauline-johnson-collection">E. Pauline Johnson Collection</XREF>, City of Vancouver Archives, Vancouver, BC</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:815dc909-b6b5-4256-a47b-904a8bdd8919"><XREF URL=" http://ao.minisisinc.com/scripts/mwimain.dll/4680/LISTINGS_DESC2_INT/REF_ADD/F~201173?JUMP" RESP="ADZ">E. Pauline Johnson fonds</XREF>, Archives of Ontario, Toronto, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:9f763d42-e711-4a1a-ad83-e8dc9cd51402"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="https://library.mcmaster.ca/archives/findaids/fonds/j/johnson.htm">E. Pauline Johnson fonds</XREF>, William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections, McMasters University Library, Hamilton, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:d741fcd7-6a6a-4d29-8719-8ca7bfc34e71"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/aboriginal-heritage/first-nations/Pages/pauline-johnson.aspx">Emily Pauline Johnson papers</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:5a5a1890-2154-4009-8242-4fe67e3058cf"><XREF RESP="KME" URL="http://library.queensu.ca/webmus/sc/collections_lp">Emily Pauline Johnson sous-fonds and Hale-Garvin sous-fonds</XREF>, Lorne and Edith Pierce Collection, Queen's University Archives, Kingston, ON (correspondence, poetry, articles, and photographs) </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:66c5b6c3-f699-4afb-9305-d855403e1de4"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=101709&amp;rec_nbr_list=3932940,101709,15864,138230,116284,2904265,15278,157122,14896,3226604">Ernest Thompson Seton fonds</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:9a69f078-0893-49d9-a8c5-d5b63c2dab0f"><XREF URL="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=103561&amp;rec_nbr_list=103561,7601,120901,99420,617091,120902,3644966,120899,120900,3217182" RESP="ADZ">Frank Yeigh fonds</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:500f93e2-86b8-42fe-9073-d5433e6c5c7f"><XREF URL="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=101202&amp;rec_nbr_list=101202 " RESP="ADZ">Gertrude O'Hara Autograph Collection</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON (letter to Gertrude O'Hara)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:1f764f84-a381-4117-bddd-0a90e99ea3fe"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="https://discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca/uploads/r/thomas-fisher-rare-book-library-university-of-toronto/b/3/f/b3f31e41df62d13a5613c1b7e1e37c9a0c1ab0548f94eaec920e7cb5170e2279/wetherell00028.pdf">James Elgin Wetherell Papers</XREF>, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:9a47a742-057b-4e6b-b692-94a6677f1aa9"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=102592&amp;rec_nbr_list=102592,103224,98133,4445141,4444479,101152,203922,135567,105481,191551">John Armistead Wilson fonds</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:fc03aae1-d26d-4341-9193-2859989d8966"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://brantmuseum.ca/">Johnson Family Collection</XREF>, Brant Historical Society and Museum, Brantford, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:0e07b645-2868-4ffe-93af-af7ac9718c29"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://www.saskarchives.com/">Kate Simpson-Hayes Papers</XREF>, Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:199dba7d-1b5f-4a74-ace1-c4f10a3e997d"><XREF URL="http://www.archives.mcgill.ca/resources/guide/vol2_3/gen12.htm#LIGHTHALL FAMILY" RESP="ADZ">Lighthall Family Papers</XREF>, Rare Books and Special Collections, McGill University Library, Montreal, QC (correspondence)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:4cd65e9e-e019-4c12-81a2-b66412a46c07"><XREF URL="http://www.archeion.ca/newton-mactavish-fonds-2" RESP="ADZ">Newton MacTavish fonds</XREF>, Canadiana Department, North York Central Library, Toronto, ON (fragment of manuscript; see also “Evelyn Johnson” in this collection)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:6383c6d6-e336-464b-b144-85ead6f5dda8"><XREF URL="http://www2.trentu.ca/library/archives/89-013.htm" RESP="ADZ">Pauline Johnson fonds</XREF>, Trent University Archives, Peterborough, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:3d50ac3c-b2f5-4635-83b4-b69cc1d769c0"><XREF URL="http://www.museumofvancouver.ca/collections/object/pauline-johnsons-performance-costume" RESP="ADZ">Pauline Johnson’s Performance Costume</XREF>, Museum of Vancouver, Vancouver, BC</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:fdf623de-17b5-4526-a834-287f1ccd1768"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://db1.archives.queensu.ca/ica-atom/index.php/quarry-press-fonds;rad">Quarry Press fonds</XREF>, Queen’s University Archives, Kingston, ON (promotional material)</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:05ee9b87-e211-463e-85a2-e2bae58c2cee"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=98120&amp;rec_nbr_list=98120,454077,492930,108333,108332,108334,108324,108330,108326,108329">Sir Wilfred Laurier fonds</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:11da76f8-aedb-4b6e-aad8-d76f97200f5f"><XREF RESP="KME" URL="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=102333">Sir William Van Horne papers</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:eea689ae-9d6f-425b-8fe2-dcd80b907aca"><XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://db.library.queensu.ca/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=GET_RECORD&amp;XC=/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll&amp;BU=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.library.queensu.ca%2Ffondsdb%2Fquery-fonds.html&amp;TN=fonds&amp;SN=AUTO7057&amp;SE=1545&amp;RN=5&amp;MR=20&amp;TR=0&amp;TX=1000&amp;ES=1&amp;CS=1&amp;XP=&amp;RF=Fonds+Results&amp;EF=&amp;DF=HTML+-+Fonds+Display&amp;RL=0&amp;EL=0&amp;DL=0&amp;NP=!%203&amp;ID%20=&amp;MF=mymsg.ini&amp;MQ=HTML+Search&amp;TI=0&amp;DT=&amp;ST=0&amp;IR=7242&amp;NR=0&amp;NB=0&amp;SV=0&amp;SS=0&amp;BG=ffffff&amp;FG=000080&amp;QS=query-fonds&amp;OEX=ISO-8859-1&amp;OEH=ISO-8859-1">W.W. Campbell fonds</XREF>, Queen’s University Archives, Kingston, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:acb28f72-7c57-43f8-95b0-0de5579291fb"><XREF URL="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=103183&amp;rec_nbr_list=4428964,103884,103561,103183,98274" RESP="ADZ">William Arthur Hogarth fonds</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:46b612d9-83a7-4873-abcf-959e13fcf51d"><XREF URL="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=98274&amp;rec_nbr_list=4428964,103884,103561,103183,98274 " RESP="ADZ">William Louis Scott fonds</XREF>, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON</BIBCIT>
 </LISTBIBCIT>
 <HEADING SUBTYPE="2">Published Resources</HEADING>
 <LISTBIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Brant, Beth. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">The Good Red Road: Journeys of Homecoming in Native Women’s Writing.</TITLE> In <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Writing as Witness: Essays and Talk</TITLE>. Toronto: Women’s Press, 1994. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Calbeck, Scott. “Pauline.” <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Canadians</TITLE>. History Channel, 1999. Videotape.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Collett, Ann. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Pauline Tekahionwake Johnson: Her Choice of Form.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Kunapipi</TITLE> 19.1 (1997): 59-66. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Crate, Joan. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Pale as Real Ladies: Poems for Pauline Johnson</TITLE>. Iderton, ON: Brick Books, 1989. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF=""><XREF URL="http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/aboriginal-heritage/first-nations/Pages/pauline-johnson.aspx" RESP="KME"><TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Emily Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake).</TITLE></XREF> Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, ON. Web. 20 May 2016.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Fiamengo, Janice. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">‘This Graceful Olive Branch of the Iroquois’: Pauline Johnson’s Rhetoric of Reconciliation.</TITLE> In <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Woman’s Page: Journalism and Rhetoric in Early Canada</TITLE>. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2008. 89–120. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Gerson, Carole. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">‘The Most Canadian of All Canadian Poets’: Pauline Johnson and the Construction of a National Literature.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Canadian Literature</TITLE> 158 (1998): 90-107. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Gerson, Carole. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Pauline Johnson's Many Voices/Les Nombreuses Voix De Pauline Johnson.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Faithfully Yours: E. Pauline Johnson</TITLE>. Ed. Janis Monture, et al. Brantford, ON: Woodland Cultural Centre, 2009. 47-63. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Gerson, Carole. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Periodicals First: The Beginnings of Susanna Moodie’s <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Roughing It in the Bush</TITLE> and Pauline Johnson’s <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Legends of Vancouver</TITLE>.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Home Ground: Foreign Territory: Essays on Early Canadian Writing</TITLE>. Ed. Janice Fiamengo. Ottawa, ON: U of Ottawa P, 2013. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Gerson, Carole. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Postcolonialism Meets Book History: Pauline Johnson and Imperial London.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Home-Work: Postcolonialism, Pedagogy, and Canadian Literature</TITLE>. Ed. Cynthia Sugars. Ottawa, ON: U of Ottawa P, 2004. 423-39. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Gerson, Carole. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Recuperating from Modernism: Pauline Johnson's Challenge to Literary History.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Women and Literary History: “For There She Was"</TITLE>. Ed. Katherine Binhammer and Jeanne Wood. Newark, DE: U of Delaware P; London: Associated UP, 2003. 167-86. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:d36e24b1-1190-4081-ad1c-fad07534a883">Gerson, Carole, and Veronica Strong-Boag, eds., <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake: Collected Poems and Selected Prose</TITLE>. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2002.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Goeman, Mishuana. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Mark My Words: Native Women Mapping Our Nations</TITLE>. Minneapolis, MN: U of Minnesota P, 2013. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:3df0dfdf-f167-4b76-8312-47c0eefe9efd">Rose, Marilyn J. <XREF RESP="ADZ" URL="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/johnson_emily_pauline_14E.html"><TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Johnson, Emily Pauline.</TITLE></XREF> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</TITLE>. Web. 4 April 2016.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="http://commons.cwrc.ca/islandora:3df0dfdf-f167-4b76-8312-47c0eefe9efd">Leighton, Douglas. <XREF RESP="KME" URL="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/johnson_george_henry_martin_11E.html"><TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Johnson, George Henry Martin (Onwanonsyshon).</TITLE></XREF> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</TITLE>. Web. 20 May 2016.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Leighton, Mary Elizabeth. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">‘Performing’ Pauline Johnson: Representations of the ‘Indian Poetess’ in the Periodical Press, 1892-95.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Essays on Canadian Writing</TITLE> 65 (1998): 141-64. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Lyon, George W. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Pauline Johnson: A Reconsideration.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Studies in Canadian Literature</TITLE> 15.2 (1990): 136-59. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Milz, Sabine. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">‘Publica(c)tion’: E. Pauline Johnson's Publishing Venues and their Contemporary Significance.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Studies in Canadian Literature/Etudes en Littérature Canadienne</TITLE> 29.1 (2004): 127-45. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Monture, Rick. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Beneath the British Flag: Iroquois and Canadian Nationalism in the Work of Pauline Johnson and Duncan Campbell Scott.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Essays on Canadian Writing</TITLE> 75 (2002): 118-41. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Quirk, Linda. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Labour of Love: Legends of Vancouver and the Unique Publishing Enterprise that Wrote E. Pauline Johnson into Canadian Literary History.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada/Cahiers de la Société Bibliographique du Canada</TITLE> 47.2 (2009): 201-51. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Quirk, Linda. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Skyward Floating Feather: A Publishing History of E. Pauline Johnson’s Flint and Feather.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada/Cahiers de la Société Bibliographique du Canada</TITLE> 44.1 (2006): 69-106. </BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Rogers, Janet Marie. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Pauline Passed Here.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Indigenous Poetics in Canada</TITLE>. Ed. Neal McLeod. Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier UP, 2014. 39-42.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Rose, Marilyn. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Pauline Johnson: New World Poet.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">British Journal of Canadian Studies</TITLE> 12.2 (1997): 298-307.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Ruffo, Armand Garnet. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Out of Silence - The Legacy of E. Pauline Johnson: An Inquiry into the Lost and Found Work of Dawendine - Bernice Loft Winslow.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Literary Pluralities</TITLE>. Ed. Christl Verduyn. Peterborough, ON: Broadview, 1998. 211-23.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Ruoff, A. LaVonne Brown. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Justice for Indians and Women: The Protest Fiction of Alice Callahan and Pauline Johnson.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">World Literature Today</TITLE> 66.2 (1992): 249-55.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Ruoff, A. LaVonne Brown. Introduction. <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">The Moccasin Maker</TITLE>, by E. Pauline Johnson. Norman, OK: U of Oklahoma P, 1998.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Rymhs, Deena. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">But the Shadow of Her Story: Narrative Unsettlement, Self-Inscription, and Translation in Pauline Johnson's Legends of Vancouver.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Studies in American Indian Literatures: The Journal of the Association for the Study of American Indian Literatures</TITLE> 13.4 (2001): 51-78</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Strong-Boag, Veronica. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">‘A Red Girl’s Reasoning’: E. Pauline Johnson Constructs the New Nation.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="MONOGRAPHIC">Painting the Maple: Essays on Race, Gender, and the Construction of Canada</TITLE>. Ed. Veronica Strong-Boag, Sherrill Grace, Avigail Eisenberg, and Joan Anderson. Vancouver, BC: U of British Columbia P, 1998.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">Willmott, Glenn. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">Paddled by Pauline.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Canadian Poetry: Studies, Documents, Reviews</TITLE> 46 (2000): 43-68.</BIBCIT>
 <BIBCIT REF="">York, Lorraine. <TITLE LEVEL="ANALYTIC">‘Your Star’: Pauline Johnson and the Tensions of Celebrity Discourse.</TITLE> <TITLE LEVEL="JOURNAL">Canadian Poetry: Studies, Documents, Reviews</TITLE> 51 (2002): 8-17.</BIBCIT>
 </LISTBIBCIT>
 </ENTRY>
</CWRC>

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